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Nick (DNA)
A nick is a discontinuity in a double stranded DNA molecule where there is no phosphodiester bond between adjacent nucleotides of one strand typically through damage or enzyme action. Nicks allow for the much-needed release of torsion in the strand during DNA replication. Nicks are also thought to play a role in the DNA mismatch repair mechanisms that fix errors on both the leading and lagging daughter strands.〔Williams JS, Kunkel TA. Ribonucleotides in DNA: Origins, repair and consequences. DNA repair. 2014;19:27-37. doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.03.029〕
== Formation of Nicks ==
The diagram shows the effects of nicks on intersecting DNA forms. Nicking can be used to alleviate the energy created by intersecting states. By creating nicks, the DNA forms a circular shape.〔Chao Ji, Lingyun Zhang, and Pengye Wang, "(Configuration Transitions of Free Circular DNA System Induced by Nicks )," Journal of Nanomaterials, vol. 2015, Article ID 546851, 7 pages, 2015. doi:10.1155/2015/546851〕
Nicked DNA can be the result of DNA damage or purposeful and carefully regulated biomolecular reactions carried out in the cell. DNA can be nicked by, physical shearing, over-drying or enzymes. Excessive rough handling happening in pipetting or vortexing creates the physical stress that can lead to breaks and nicks in DNA. Overdrying of DNA can also break the phosphodiester bond in DNA and result in nicks. Enzyme Nicking endonucleases can assist with this process A single-stranded break (nick) in DNA can be formed by the hydrolysis and subsequent removal of a phosphate group within the helical backbone. This leads to a different DNA conformation, where a hydrogen bond forms in place of the missing piece of the DNA backbone in order to preserve the structure.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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